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Coiltronics ? High Frequency Inductor Catalog
Inductor Selection for Switching Regulators
Introduction/Basic Operation
In switching regulator applications the inductor is used as an energy
storage device. When the semiconductor switch is ON, the current in the
inductor ramps up and energy is stored. When the switch turns OFF, energy
is released into the load. The amount of energy stored is calculated by the
formula Energy = ?L.I2 (Joules), where:
? L is the inductance in Henrys
? I is the peak value of inductor current
The amount by which the current changes during a switching cycle is known
as the ripple current. Ripple current is defined as Vl = L.di/dt:
? Vl is the voltage across the inductor
? di is the ripple current
? dt is the duration for which the voltage is applied
0
I load
I inductor
dI
The following parameters need to be defined or calculated to select an
inductor:
? Maximum input voltage
? Output voltage
1
2
ESR
V out
? Switching frequency
? Maximum ripple current
? Duty cycle
SD3814
Figure 1:
Buck Inductor
Inductor current is made up of AC and DC components (Figure 1). The AC
component is high frequency and will flow through the output capacitor
because it has a low HF impedance. A ripple voltage is produced due to the
capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) that will appear at the output of
the switching regulator. This ripple voltage needs to be sufficiently low as not
to effect the operation of the circuit the regulator is supplying, normally in the
order of 10-500mVpk-pk.
Selecting the correct ripple current impacts the size of the inductor and
output capacitor. The capacitor needs to have a sufficiently high ripple current
rating or it will overheat and dry out. To achieve a good compromise between
inductor and capacitor size a ripple current value of 10-30% of maximum
inductor current should be chosen. The current in the inductor will be
continuous for output currents greater that 5-15% of full load.
For product information and data sheets, visit www.cooperbussmann.com/datasheets/elx
51
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